Chum Salmon: The Underdog

General Description 

Chum salmon, commonly called dog salmon, are the most widely distributed Pacific salmon species in Alaska. Chum Salmon, also known as Oncorhynchus keta, is the second largest species of Pacific salmon. It features a streamlined body with a silvery coloration that turns to dark olive green during spawning. This fish is commonly found in the North Pacific Ocean and rivers. Some are known to journey up to 2,000 miles upstream, reaching the headwaters of rivers like the Yukon. Since the 1980s, chum salmon catches in Alaska have risen significantly, thanks to successful hatchery programs and growing international demand.

Fast Facts

• Scientific Name

Oncorhynchus keta

• Size

24-36 inches and 8-15 Pounds

• Habitat

Coastal waters and rivers of the North Pacific

• Diet

Zooplankton, small fish, insects, squid, and marine invertebrates

• Predators

 larger fish, seals, sea lions, and birds such as herons and eagles

• Spawning Season

Late summer to early fall

• Other Name

Dog salmon, calico salmon

About the Species

Taste

Chum Salmon has a milder flavor compared to other salmon species, making it versatile for various cooking methods. Its flesh is often described as slightly firmer and less oily, which some prefer for certain dishes.

Health Benefits

It’s an excellent source of high-quality protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and essential vitamins. Its lower fat content makes it a healthier choice, providing numerous benefits for heart health and overall well-being.

Nutrition Facts

A 3.5-ounce (100-gram) serving of chum salmon typically contains:

• Calories: 140
• Protein: 23 grams
• Fat: 5 grams
• Omega-3 fatty acids: 1.2 grams

Classification and name origin

Chum Salmon belongs to the family Salmonidae and is classified under the genus Oncorhynchus. The name “chum” is derived from the Native Alaskan word “keta,” which refers to the fish’s historical significance in indigenous diets.

Life History/Biology

Chum salmon spawn in the autumn and are divided into summer and fall races. They prefer to spawn in spring-fed side channels but can be found in a variety of settings, including big rivers. After fertilization, eggs hatch in 3 to 4 months, and alevin lives in gravel for 60 to 90 days. Juveniles travel to the sea, spending several months nearshore before spreading into the ocean, where they grow quickly, often weighing more than 12 pounds. They start out eating bug larvae and crustaceans, but as they grow older, they eat copepods and tiny fish. Anadromous fish return to their natal streams to reproduce, covering distances of up to 2,000 miles. Newly hatched salmon move downstream to the ocean.

Availability

Chum Salmon is available year-round, but its peak season is from late summer to fall. Wild-caught Chum Salmon is often available in fresh or frozen forms, while farmed options can also be found in markets.

Is Chum Salmon Sustainable?

Chum Salmon is considered a sustainable choice when sourced from well-managed fisheries. Various certification programs, such as the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), ensure that harvesting practices do not harm the ecosystem, making Chum Salmon a responsible seafood option.

Related Species

• Coho
• Chinook
• Sockeye
• Pink
• Atlantic

FAQs